Genetic Engineering Playing God Essay - 1796 Words

Regenerating extinct species, engineering babies that are born without vital body organs, this is what the use of genetic engineering brings to the world. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"In Greek myth, an chimera was a part lion, part goat, part dragon that lived in Lycia; in real life, it’s an animal customized with genes of different species. In reality, it could be a human-animal mixture that could result in horror for the scientific community. In myth the chimera was taken down by the warrior Bellerophon, the biotech version faces platoons of lawyers, bioethicists, and biologists† (Hager). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In this paper, I am going to discuss what has already been done, the unethical side of genetics, and what will†¦show more content†¦They deemed the foods to be fine for human consumption† (Levine). These new wonder plants were supposed to produce more crops, and use less space, but in reality they only produced an average of 3-5 percent more, and they used the same amount of space as the original plants. The downside to these genetically engineered plants was the pesticides that must be applied to maintain them; some of these if not applied right can cause illness, or even be fatal to certain people. There were a few small advancements from 1991 to 1997, when a group of British scientists cloned Dolly the sheep. The scientists used part of the original animals DNA, and they expanded upon it to where they had the animal’s entire genetic make-up. This procedure shocked the world, in being it was the first known successful cloning. This experiment raised eyebrows, and it upset many people because of the moral lines it crossed. If we can clone sheep, why don’t we clone super humans? This question outraged many, and excited many others. In the United States, human cloning is controlled by teach state government, but on a whole, the majority of the states have outlawed cloning experiments, and for good reason. Cloning is a dangerous area that if not controlled properly could result in the end of the human race, as we now know it. â€Å"Stuart Newman, a cell biologist at New York Medical College has applied for a patent on ways to make human-animal chimeras. Newman doesnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t want to doShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering : Medical Perfection Or Playing God1280 Words   |  6 PagesThesis Statement â€Å"Genetic engineering differs from cloning in key ways. Whereas cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms, genetic engineering refers to processes in which scientists manipulate genes to create purposefully different versions of organisms—and, in some cases, entirely new living things†, duplication of genetic cells is known as human cloning. Development of genetic engineering biotechnologies undermines the natural autonomy of life. Does genetic engineering interfere withRead MoreWhy Genetic Engineering Is Morally Good Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesDetermining if genetic engineering is morally good is only half the battle with this ethical issue. Regardless of whether morally good reasons are used to justify it, genetic engineering is an attempt to use human intelligence in order to try to overthrow God’s original creation or plan for humans. Scientist are trying to perfect his creation or change it. God has laid out the way things should happ en naturally and humans are attempting to overthrow it. A key word to note is â€Å"attempt† because ScotusRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1584 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering Explain how this technology works. Genetic engineering otherwise called genetic modification and can basically be described as the ‘direct manipulation of an organism’s genome’ which is the complete set of genetic material of an animal, plant or other living thing. This direct manipulation works by using modern DNA technology. This ‘involves the introduction of foreign DNA also known as synthetic genes into the organism of interest’ or curiousity. Genetic engineering does notRead MoreTreatments for Infertile Couples Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pagesa risk of quads. These are some ways infertile couples could have children. B) == Christian attitudes towards treatments that can help infertile couples have children are as follows. Some Roman Catholics believe that God gave us life and no one has the right to give children. The Catholic Church does not allow most treatments the feel as if the sacredness of life is being taken for granted. Catholics do not allow IVF treatment because several eggs areRead More Genetic Engineering Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesGenetic Engineering Two years ago, genetically engineered bacteria, which unexpectently killed beneficial soil fungi, escaped into sewers through human error and have become toxic to plants and survived when expected not to.3 These are the sorts of consequences that come with playing God. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - the chemical compound that makes up the genes and determines the type of proteins a cell can make - is the core of genetic engineering. It can be manipulated in ways we could neverRead MoreEssay on Man and God in Frankenstein and Jurassic Park799 Words   |  4 PagesMan and God in Frankenstein and Jurassic Park    Not since Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, has an author captured such a theme in their work in a way that is magical and captivates the reader.   Michael Crichtons science fiction novel Jurassic Park   portrays what happens when man plays God: his imperfections cause things to go terribly wrong.   The storys, plot, setting, point of view and characterization all add to an atmosphere of fear and raise readers consciousness about the consequencesRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Designer Babies1687 Words   |  7 Pages Background History Genetic engineering is the modification of the genes to be able to change the characteristics of the person. â€Å"Designer babies† is when the parents choose the genetic information of the child, while in embryo. The genetic engineering will occur hand in hand with in vitro fertilization. For â€Å"designer babies† to actually be created, the parents need a donor with the genes the parents want inserted in their child. Whereas, genetic therapy is the changing of the person’s genes afterRead MoreEthics of Genetic Engineering Essay637 Words   |  3 PagesEthics of Genetic Engineering Within the last two decades scientists have developed several new techniques, which manipulate and alter the genes found in the cells of living organisms. This wonder of the century, genetic engineering has turned heredity --the passing of inheritable characteristics from parent to off spring- from a natural, random event into a process that can be artificially controlled and exploited. It has the potential of giving humanity unprecedented power over life itselfRead MoreDisadvantages Of Genetic Engineering1663 Words   |  7 Pagesinnovations is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the deliberate modification of characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. it is a set of biotechnologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in numerous fields including research, agriculture, industrial bio technology, and medicine. Genetic engineering can beRead MoreThe Field Of Reproductive Technology1484 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s culture has a growing fascination with biotechnology and genetic engineering. This is especially true within the field of reproductive technology. Advancements in this field has expanded family options significantly with the advent of reproductive technologies such as in vetro fertilization, embryo transplant, and varying genetic testing and screening (Finsterbusch, 2008). However, what drives humanity to want to modify humankind? Should there be limits placed on these modifications? And

Antigone vs. Creon Free Essays

In the tragedy of Antigone by Sophocles, Antigone, the main protagonist, is conflicted whether or not to bury her dead brother and go against Creon’s law or follow Creon’s law. Creon is the main antagonist in this story and punishes Antigone for breaking his law and burying Polynieces. Though they are two different characters, Creon and Antigone could both qualify as the tragic hero because they are both responsible for their own fate, endowed with a tragic flaw and falls from high esteem. We will write a custom essay sample on Antigone vs. Creon or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the story, Antigone and Creon are responsible for their own fate, seeing as it’s their actions that cause them to be a tragic hero. Antigone knows about Creon’s law not bury Polynieces, yet she’d rather go against Creon than the Gods. She did what she thinks is correct but Creon is furious and sends her to a stone grave. Antigone knows what the consequences would be, â€Å"[her] death is the doing of [her] own conscious hand† (‘v. 46). She wouldn’t be dead if she didn’t bury Polynieces and follow Creon’s law. She chooses to go against him and that seals her fate. Creon, on the other hand, hooses to be stubborn and punish Antigone for breaking his crime. He couldn’t bear to seem weak to the citizens of Thebes. It was Antigone’s punishment, â€Å"if she lives or dies/That’s her affair† (‘v. 55-56). Even if it means sending his own, soon to be daughter in law, to her death. Creon let his pride control his actions and that causes him to lose his wife and his last son. Both, Antigone and Creon could avoid their tragic endings but their flaws cause their ultimate downfall. The tragic flaw endowed in both these characters is pride, one refusing to admit what she did was wrong and another refusing to listen to others. Antigone not only goes against Creon’s law but she boasts about it. She refuses to admit she is wrong, saying that Creon’s law â€Å"[is] not God’s proclamation. That final Justice/ That rules the world below makes no such laws† 57-58). She stands for what she believes in and that makes Creon angry. Though Antigone did follow the law of the Gods, it did not stop Creon from punishing her for breaking his laws. Similarly, Creon’s hubris causes him to lose everything too. Haemon had come to him saying that a good king listens to other people’s opinions and â€Å"[Doesn’t] believe that [he] alone can be right† (iii. 74) ut he doesn’t listen. Then Teiresias comes and tries to convince Creon to fix everything, for the Gods are angry and it’s his fault. He finally comes to his senses and tries to right his wrongs by mimicking a proper burial for Polynieces and freeing Antigone from her grave, but he is too late. Creon loses his entire family for Haemon kills himself in grief for Antigone and Eurydice takes her life in grief for the loss of both her sons. Everything was going well in their lives until pride gets in the way and ruins the life they once had. Antigone and Creon had a pretty good life in the beginning, seeing as Antigone is etting married and Creon is ruling as king of Thebes, but all that deteriorates once they are forced to face the consequences of their actions. Antigone is already that Polynieces isn’t going to be buried and Eteocles is, makes it worse. She chooses to get involved and ends up with her â€Å"[making] a noose of her fine linen veil/And [hanging] herself† because she’d rather die for what she believes in than what someone tells her to believe in (Exo. 59-60). She couldVe left it alone and let Polynieces rot in the field and go about her life to marry Haemon, yet she chooses to risk her life and when the time comes, accepts her death with honor. At the same time, Creon has also let his life go to waste because he already lost one son in the war, he saw another take his life in front of him and comes back home to find his wife had taken her life as well. All Creon wants to do is to die because â€Å"[his] comfort lies here dead. mhatever [his] hands have touched has come to nothing† (Exo. 136-137). Creon went from being King of Thebes, with a family at home, to Just Creon, who became a victim of the Gods and fate. Although he didn’t die, he accepts the fact that he was too late to fix everything and asks to be led away, for his entire family is dead because of him. Most readers would immediately argue that Sophocles chose Antigone as the tragic hero since the story is called Tragedy of Antigone. Although this is true, according to Greek terms of a tragic hero, Creon, to an extent, could also qualify as the tragic hero. Antigone and Creon had two different roles in this story, but in the end they are both the tragic hero because theyre responsible for their own fate, possess a tragic flaw and they fall from high esteem. How to cite Antigone vs. Creon, Papers

Child Rearing Within Different Cultures free essay sample

Every parent has their own way of raising a child, and there are many different ways to doing it especially within different cultures. In America everybody has the right to raise their children however they feel is best, usually parents follow the roles their own parents took when they themselves were raised. Today there are many cultures that have different ways of child rearing and there are many consequences that come along with the way the children are brought up. I will be writing about three different cultures, starting with Jamaica, then Bangladesh, and last the immigrants that reside in Australia, they all have different ways of raising children and I will show how their ways affect their children’s lives. In Jamaica they have a dominant Caribbean parenting style, (Smith, Mosby 2003) their parenting skills have been characterized as abusive, harsh, and extreme, their discipline has been known to be to the extreme of corporal punishment or other major violent punishments. Flogging is one of the popular punishments used by the Jamaican which is used on all children no matter the age, they also use sticks, belts, shoes or anything else they can find to show compliance. The kids are disciplined for lying, stealing, disobedience, or not completing their chores. (Smith, Mosby 2003) In my research they conducted a survey where 84% of mothers of preschool children admitted to beating their children. A Jamaican judge in a family court hearing advised a parent to spank his child to help correct his behavior. The culture there when it comes to child rearing is strongly believed that disciplining the children with physical punishment is the best way to keep them in line and assure themselves that they will grow up to be proper adults. In Bangladesh a child’s upbringing is affected because of the home environment and mother’s child rearing practices. The families are usually really poor with the father working at a low paying job or single mothers that have no education or formal training, the woman have to work to try to keep their families fed and clothes on their backs. This being a low income country young children are exposed to multiple developmental risk factors including poverty, malnutrition, poor stimulation at home and lack of care that affects their ability to develop to their potential. (Nahar, 2012) The mothers of these children go through so much to try and raise these kids that they become emotionless and less involved with the kids compared to mothers who are adequately sound to raise their children without restrictions. These kids are all mostly malnutritioned, this is one of the major health problems in children under five years of age. (Nahar, 2012) The main problem with the bad child rearing in countries with poverty is that they do not have the essentials to raise these poor children, these children are most of the time alone and not looked over, they receive no attention what so ever, these kids grow up to be problematic and insensitive because of the way that they are raised, they have nobody to teach them manners or to help them with school work, because of this lack of attention these kids become rebellious and act out. In Australia there are many immigrant families that come in and they have to adjust to the Australian way of life, that including the way the children are brought up to fit in in their new surroundings, as the text say’s â€Å" the immigrant families’ views on child rearing are accommodated within their new wider society† (Ebbeck, Cerna 2007) The immigrants believe that if the child is not well bred than he or she will not become a good citizen, so the immigrants feel like raising their children with morals and respect will turn them into good people in society, they are raised to know what is right and wrong. They rear the boys and girls differently from each other, the boys work with their fathers, they help him hunt for food, also they take care of outside chores like taking care of the animals. Girls work with their mothers, they do house work such as cleaning, cooking, washing clothes, and taking care of their younger siblings. When it comes to discipline they get swatted 5 times with a stick, this punishment is used when the child has received two to three warnings, and this punishment makes the child obey because of the fear of being beaten again. The understanding of punishment gets taught to the child when they turn five years of age, the mother also talks to the children and warns them verbally about their wrong doings before it is taken the extent of being beaten. Of course their child rearing ways are a bit different from their original cultures but they learn to adjust with the new culture and the kids do grow up to be respectful adults. After reading about the different cultures in Jamaica, Bangladesh, and Australia, you can see how there are many different ways of rearing children, every culture has their different ways of doing it but they do feel like they are doing the right thing. The way we raise children in the US is even different from other people who raise children in the US but they still want kids to grow up honest, and respectful, just like the immigrants in Australia they want to raise their children to become good citizens. Although I am not a parent yet I do feel like there are some things to learn from all the different culture all over the world and I hope to raise a child the best way I can to make them respectable citizens and of course an outstanding person.

Urdu Language Urdu Essay Example

Urdu Language Urdu Paper The term Urdu and its origin The term Urdu derives from a Turkish word ordu meaning camp or army. The Urdu language developed between the Muslim soldiers of the Mughals armies who belonged to various ethnicities like Turks, Arabs, Persians, Pathans, Balochis, Rajputs, Jats and Afghans. These soldiers lived in close contact with each other and communicated in different dialects, which slowly and gradually evolved into present day Urdu. It is for this reason that Urdu is also referred to as Lashkari Zaban or language of the army. During its development Urdu language also assumed various names like the term Urdu-e-Maullah meaning the exalted army which was given by Emperor Shah Jahan and the term Rekhta meaning scattered (with Persian words) which was coined by the scholars for Urdu poetry. History and Evolution of Urdu Language Urdu arose in the contact situation which developed from the invasions of the Indian subcontinent by Turkic dynasties from the 11th century onwards, first as Sultan Mahmud of the Ghaznavid empire conqueredPunjab in the early 11th century, then when the Ghurids invaded northern India in the 12th century, and most ecisively with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate. The official language of the Ghurids, Delhi Sultanate, the Mughal Empire, and their successor states, as well as the cultured language of poetry and literature, was Persian, while the language of religion was Arabic. Most of the Sultans and nobility in the Sultanate period were Turks from Central Asia who spoke Turkic as their mother tongue. The Mughals were also Chagatai, but later adopted Persian . Muzaffar Alam asserts that Persian became the lingua franca of the empire under Akbar for various political and ocial factors due to its non-sectarian and fluid nature. However, the armies, merchants, preachers, Sufis, and later the court, also incorporated the local people and the medieval Hindu literary language, Braj Bhasha. This new contact language soon incorporated other dialects, such as Haryanvi, Panjabi, and in the 17th century Khariboli, the dialect of the new capital at Delhi. By 1800, Khariboli had become dominant. The language went by several names over the years: Hindawi or Hindi, [language] of India; Dehlavi of Delhi;Hindustani, of Hindustan; and Zaban-e-Urdu, the language of he [army] camp, from which came the current name of Urdu around the year 1800. When Wali Mohammed Wali arrived in Delhi, he established Hindustani with a light smattering of Persian words, a register called Rekhta, for poetry; previously the language of poetry had been Persian. When the Delhi S ultanate expanded south to the Deccan Plateau, they carried their literary language with them, and it was influenced there by more southerly languages, producing the Dakhini dialect of Urdu. During this time Hindustani was the language of both Hindus and Muslims. We will write a custom essay sample on Urdu Language Urdu specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Urdu Language Urdu specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Urdu Language Urdu specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The communal nature of the language lasted until it replaced Persian as the official language in 1837 and was made coofficial along with English in the British Raj. This triggered a Hindu backlash in northwestern India, which argued that the language should be written in the native Devanagari script. This Hindi replaced traditional Urdu as the official register of Bihar in 1881, establishing a sectarian divide of Urdu for Muslims and Hindi for Hindus, a divide that was formalized with the division of India and Pakistan after independence from the British, though there are Hindu poets who ontinue to write in Urdu to this day. Although there have been attempts to purge Urdu and Hindi, respectively, of their Sanskrit and Persian words, and new vocabulary draws primarily from Persian and Arabic for Urdu and Sanskrit for Hindi, this has primarily affected academic and literary vocabulary, and both national standards remain heavily influenced by both Persian and Sanskrit. English has exert ed a heavy influence on both as a co official language. Official status Urdu is the national and one of the two official languages of Pakistan, the other eing English, and is spoken and understood throughout the country, while the state-by-state languages (languages spoken throughout various regions) are the provincial languages. It is used in education, literature, office and court business. It holds in itself a repository of the cultural and social heritage of the country. Although English is used in most elite circles, andPunjabi has a plurality of native speakers, Urdu is the lingua franca and national language in Pakistan. Urdu is also one of the officially recognised languages in India and has official language tatus in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,[32] Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir and the national capital, New Delhi. In Jammu and Kashmir, section 145 of the Kashmir Constitution provides: The official language of the State shall be Urdu but the Eng lish language shall unless the Legislature by law otherwise provides, continue to be used for all the official purposes of the State for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of the Constitution. As of 2010, the English language continues to be used as an official language for more than 90% of fficial work in Kashmir. There are ongoing efforts to make Kashmiri and Dogri, spoken as mother tongues by nearly 80% of the population of Indian-administered Kashmir, as official languages alongside English. The importance of Urdu in the Muslim world is visible in the Holy cities of Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia, where most informational signage is written in Arabic, English and Urdu, and sometimes in other languages. Importance: Urdu is one of the most popular languages which are having a history of hundreds of years back. Urdu language got lots of preferences in various historical aspects. Urdu is considered as the language used by many ancient kings and it was the only language for communication in certain regions of ancient kingdoms. Ancient regions of Persian kingdom were the main areas of Urdu language. Years after Urdu language have been spread to India as one of the language in certain regions of India. In India Urdu language has been mostly used by the Muslim community. After that Pakistan has been divided from India and declared as an independent country for the Muslim community. As a result Urdu became the national language of Pakistan. Pakistan s considered as the birth place of Urdu poetry as Urdu is the main language of the common people in Pakistan. Urdu poetries are written in different forms by various experienced Urdu poets. Among the various forms of Urdu poetries Ghazal plays an important role which is a popular art form around all over the world. Ghazal has certain rules in its writing and one of the main rules is that Ghazal should end with the same words used for its starting and this rule is called ‘Radeef’. Gair Muraddaf Ghazals are a variety of Ghazals which doesn’t have a radeef. Ham Radeef Ghazals are those Ghazals with same radeef. Urdu Ghazal is an important form of Ghazal which is very much popular all over the world. Importance of urdu in pakistan Urdu holds the status of the national language of Pakistan. It is also the official language of the country and the post is also shared by English. It is understood all over the country and is the best medium of communication anywhere in the country. Urdu has been in the region since the 11th century. The rulers of that time urged the population to learn how to read and write Urdu. It is an Indo-Aryan language and is derived from three different languages which are Arabic, Turkish and Persian. The letters used in Urdu language are similar to the ones used in Arabic and Persian (Farsi) language. Though the letters are the same but the dialect and accent differs a lot. The word Urdu means army. In old times the armies in this region comprised of people from different nationalities. All had different languages and could not understand each other. A language was required which could be understood by all. Urdu emerged as the medium that linked all and was understood by all. According to different researches carried out, Urdu is not only spoken in Pakistan but also in many other parts of the world. It is one of the 23 official languages of India. It is widely spoken in Bangladesh and also in many gulf countries. There are also hundreds and thousands of Urdu speakers in the European countries and Americas. In Pakistan not more than 8% people have their first language as Urdu but the rest of the population speaks and understands Urdu as the second language. The estimated number of native Urdu speakers in Pakistan is 10. 5 million and all over the world the figure is 50 million approximately. In Pakistan alone the people who understand and speak Urdu as the first or econd language is 104 million approximately. Urdu is included as a compulsory subject in the schools and colleges of Pakistan. Urdu poetry and literature is taught and given prime importance alongside English in the institutions. The Urdu literature has a rich history and it has seen very eminent and world renowned poets like Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Mirza Ghalib. It is not only poetry but also a lot of Islamic litera ture and Sharia literature has also been written Urdu. It was even before many other languages that Sharia and Islamic literature was written and also translated in this language. Urdu has emerged as a binding force which has kept the people of Pakistan close to each other. National language A national language is a language (or language variant, i. e. dialect) which has some connection—de facto or de jure—with a people and perhaps by extension the territory they occupy. The term is used variously. A national language may for instance represent the national identity of a nation or country. National language may alternatively be a designation given to one or more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country. C. M. B. Brann, with particular reference to Africa, suggests that there are four quite distinctive meanings for national language in a polity:[1] ?Territorial language (chthonolect, sometimes known as chtonolect[2]) of a particular people ?Regional language (choralect) ?Language-in-common or community language (demolect) used throughout a country ?Central language (politolect) used by government and perhaps having a symbolic value. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Urdu http://www. theurdulanguage. com/Downfall. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/National_language